Virginia Woolf and the Comic Quality of Bloomsbury
From Racist Jokes Against the Empire to the Androgyny of Freshwater: A Comedy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-2096.2025.54788Keywords:
Virginia Woolf, Freshwater, Comedy, Bloomsbury, Androgyny, Racist ExperimentsAbstract
This article examines how Virginia Woolf, in dialogue with the debates of the Bloomsbury Group, intertwines the aesthetic and the political, challenging Western categories of gender, class, and race (Goldman, 2004; Pinho, 2015; Oliveira, 2017; Jones, 2023). The focus is on her performances, racist jokes, and her theatrical writing, especially the play Freshwater: A Comedy (1923/1935). The study argues that Woolf, in collaboration with her fellow artists, participated ambiguously in Bloomsbury debates, simultaneously using racist jokes against the Empire and contributing to feminist discussions. “Androgyny,” coined in A Room of One’s Own (2021) and dramatised in Freshwater, is analysed as part of her effort to destabilise Western gender binaries. The article concludes that Woolf’s avant-garde writing, through provocative theatrical experiments, opened new paths in Bloomsbury’s debates, fostering a feminist and anti-imperialist aesthetic-political thought.
Downloads
References
AUERBACH, Nina. Ellen Terry, a player in her time. New York: Norton, 1987.
BELL, Quentin. Virginia Woolf: A Biography. Vol. 1 and 2. London: Pimlico, 1996 [1972].
BERGSON, Henri. O riso: ensaio sobre o significado do cômico. Trad. Maria Adriana Camargo Cappello. São Paulo: Edipro, 2018. [1900]
BUTLER, Judith. Problemas de Gênero: feminismo e subversão da identidade. Trad. Renato Aguiar. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2017.
FARFAN, Penny. Women, Modernism, and Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
GOLDMAN, Jane. Modernism, 1910-1945, Image to Apocalypse. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.
HELT, Brenda; DETLOFF, Madelyn. “Introduction”. In: HELT, Brenda; DETLOFF, Madelyn (Orgs.). Queer Bloomsbury. Edinburgh: The Edinburgh Press University, 2016.
JONES, Danell. The Girl Prince: Virginia Woolf, Race and the Dreadnought Hoax. London: C. Hurst &Co, 2023.
KOPPEN, Randi Synnøve. Virginia Woolf: Fashion and Literary Modernity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009.
LEE, Hermione. Virginia Woolf. Nova York: Vintage Books, 1999.
OLIVEIRA, Maria A. de. A representação feminina na obra de Virginia Woolf. Jundiaí: Paco Editorial, 2017.
PINHO, Davi. Imagens do feminino na obra e vida de Virginia Woolf. Curitiba: Appris, 2015.
PINHO, Davi. Of Angels and Demons. Virginia Woolf’s Homicidal Legacy in Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar. 2010. 75f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Literaturas de Língua Inglesa) – Instituto de Letras, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2010.
PUTZEL, Steven D. Virginia Woolf and the Theatre. Maryland: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2012.
SACKVILLE-WEST, Vita; WOOLF, Virginia. The letters of Vita Sackville-West to Virginia Woolf. Ed. Louise De Salvo and Mitchell Leaska. California: Cleis Press, 1984.
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 2023.
SHAKESPEARE, William. A tragédia de Hamlet, príncipe da Dinamarca. Trad. Bruna Beber. São Paulo: Ubu Editora, 2019 [1603]. E-Book.
SHAUGHNESSY, Nicola. The Dramatic Writings of Gertrude Stein, Virginia Woolf and Sylvia Plath, 1913 -1962: Theatre of Identity. 374p. Doctoral Dissertation, Centre of Women’s Studies. The University of York, London, 1995.
TENNYSON, Alfred. Alfred Tennyson: the Major Works. London: Oxford University Press, 2009.
WOOLF, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. London: Grafton, 1977 [1929].
WOOLF, Virginia. Between the Acts. Nova York: Harcourt, 1941a.
WOOLF, Virginia. “Ellen Terry”. In: WOOLF, Virginia. The Moment and Other Essays. Ed. Leonard Woolf. Londres: Hogarth Press, 1947 [1941b], p. 165-170.
WOOLF, Virginia. Freshwater: A Comedy. Arte de Edward Gorey. Edição e Prefácio de Lucio P. Ruotolo. Nova York: Harcourt, 1976. [1923; 1935]
WOOLF, Virginia. Orlando: A Biography. Londres: Penguin Classics, 1993. [1928]
WOOLF, Virginia. “Professions for Women”. In: WOOLF, Virginia. The Collected Essays of Virginia Woolf. Oxford: Benediction Classics, 2011. [1931b] p.178-182.
WOOLF, Virginia. Um quarto todo seu. Trad. Julia Romeu. Rio de Janeiro:Bazar do Tempo, 2021 [1929].
WOOLF, Virginia. The Diary of Virginia Woolf: 1925-1930. vol. 3. Ed. Olivier Bell. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980.
WOOLF, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf: 1888-1912. vol. 1. Ed. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann. London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.
WOOLF, Virginia. The Letters of Virginia Woolf: 1932-1935. vol. 5. Ed. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann. London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979.
WRIGHT, E.H. Bloomsbury at Play. In: Woolf Studies Annual. v. 17, p. 77–107, 2011. Disponível em: . Acesso em 07/08/2021.
ZWERDLING, Alex. Virginia Woolf and the Real World. California: The University of California Press, 1986.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Santiago (Autor)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).