Pain control in cattle
literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2021.26317Keywords:
Analgesic therapy, Animal welfare, Quality of life, RuminantAbstract
With the growing social concern about the moral and ethical treatment of farm animals, pain control in cattle is a topic of great relevance. Whereas farm animals suffer the most from pain among domestic animals, it is necessary to develop strategies and alternatives that minimize suffering and improve the quality of life of these animals. It is extremely important to know the pathophysiological pathways of pain, as well as to classify it as adaptive or non-adaptive, chronic or acute, taking into account aspects such as intensity and duration of the painful stimulus. The use of strategies that minimize and prevent the occurrence of pain is important, especially in cases of acute pain resulting from surgical procedures. The use of local anesthetics, anti-inflammatory drugs (steroidal and non-steroidal), sedative analgesics (alpha-2 agonists, opioids and NMDA receptor antagonists), as well as possible associations, have been shown to be effective in cattle. However, is necessary to knowledge the pharmacokinetics, such as onset of action, duration, techniques and routes of administration, which are different for the different types of drugs available. For the pain management to be successful, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms associated with pain as well as the rational selection of drugs, avoiding cases of acute chronic pain progression, which may lead the patient refractory to treatment. Thus, the aim of the present study is to describe the pathophysiological pathways of pain, as well as the characteristics of the main drugs available for treatment of pain in cattle.
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