Effectiveness of using digital instructions (apps and phone messages) compared to conventional instructions (verbal and written) in improving oral hygiene in orthodontic patients
a systematic review and meta-analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2178-1990.2022.37548Keywords:
Orthodontics, Oral hygiene, Counseling, Health communication, Health literacyAbstract
Aim: To compare the effects of the use of conventional instructions (verbal or written) and digital instructions (apps and phone messages) for the cooperation and improvement of oral hygiene in orthodontic patients.
Methods: Searches were conducted in six databases. Selection of studies, data extraction, and risk of bias analysis of articles were performed using the Cochrane tool. For meta-analysis results, mean difference (MD) and confidence interval (CI) were provided.
Results: Six studies were included. Overall, studies demonstrated that individuals who received conventional and digital oral hygiene instructions show an improvement in both the plaque and gingival indices over the course of orthodontic treatment (p < 0.05). By contrast, individuals who only received conventional instructions showed no improvement in the indices (p > 0.05). The results were confirmed in two meta-analyses, with the plaque index (MD = -1.30, CI = -2.52 - -0.08) and the gingival index (MD = -0.27, CI = -0.42 - -0.12) presenting better outcomes among individuals who received conventional and digital instructions, as compared to individuals who received only conventional instructions. Meta-analyses showed that there is no difference between the plaque index (MD = 0.57, CI = -0.61 – 1.74) and the gingival index (MD = -0.46, CI = -1.52 – 0.59) concerning the course of treatment between individuals who only received conventional hygiene instructions and those who only received digital instructions. Individuals who only received conventional instructions showed an increase in white spot lesions throughout the treatment (p < 0.05). The risk of bias ranged from low to high.
Conclusion: Both digital instructions and the conventional instructions are efficient in improving the oral hygiene of patients during orthodontic treatment. Uniterms: orthodontics; oral hygiene; counseling; health communication; health literacy.
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