Procedimento de agrupamento de alunos de acordo com o risco de evasão para melhorar a gestão estudantil no ensino superior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/1983-3652.2022.37275Palavras-chave:
Evasão escolar, CRISP-DM, Análise de componentes principais, Agrupamento hierárquico aglomerativo, Conjuntos aproximadosResumo
O complexo problema da evasão de alunos representa uma oportunidade para a aplicação de tecnologia e métodos de mineração de dados no ensino superior. O objetivo desta pesquisa é obter o perfil dos alunos em risco de evasão e, assim, gerar planos de gestão estudantil que impactem nas variáveis que explicam essa situação. Para isso, propõe-se a utilização de uma estrutura metodológica CRISP-DM, aplicando ferramentas estatísticas e aprendizado de máquina não supervisionado. A análise transversal foi realizada em um universo de alunos do primeiro ano do turno diurno de uma universidade privada chilena. As variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais utilizadas foram baseadas na teoria da deserção e no julgamento de especialistas, e os dados foram obtidos nos registros históricos disponíveis na Instituição. Para obter as variáveis que mais influenciaram o abandono, foram realizadas análises de correlação e de componentes principais. A aplicação do agrupamento hierárquico aglomerativo e da técnica de conjuntos aproximados produziu quatro perfis de alunos com suas respectivas regras de associação e cinco variáveis acadêmicas que permitiram desenhar um sistema de apoio para reduzir o abandono e promover a retenção.
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