Métodos baseados na detecção de DNA para rastreamento de modificações genéticas em cultivares transgênicos de milho e soja/ DNA-based methods for detection of soybean and maize cultivars genetically modified
Keywords:
Palavras-chave, Transgênicos. Eventos. Detecção. Keywords, Transgenic. Events. Detection.Abstract
Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os principais métodos baseados na detecção de DNA para rastreamento de modificações genéticas em cultivares de soja e milho. Além disso, foram identificados e caracterizados geneticamente os eventos transgênicos presentes nestes cultivares aprovados para comercialização no Brasil. Para o objetivo principal foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados Web of Science e Pubmed, conforme a metodologia PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Para tal, incluíram-se artigos sobre o tema através da pesquisa dos principais métodos de detecção de soja e milho transgênico. Foram encontrados vários artigos, entretanto, buscou-se explorar técnicas de rastreamento de transgênicos baseadas na detecção de DNA por PCR. Dentre as sequências alvo comumente encontradas se destacaram regiões codificadoras de genes que conferem resistência a insetos, tolerância a herbicidas ou ambas, bem como regiões promotoras e terminadoras. Para melhor compreensão dos eventos transgênicos aprovados para comercialização no Brasil foram buscadas informações em sítios regulatórios, dentre os quais o da Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança, Centro de Informação em Biotecnologia e GeneticRight Foundation. Foi possível conhecer e caracterizar os eventos transgênicos presentes em cultivares de milho e soja aprovados para comercialização no Brasil, associando-os aos métodos de detecção pesquisados conforme metodologia PRISMA. Conclui-se que a PCR tradicional, multiplex ou PCR em tempo real baseado na presença de DNA são métodos confiáveis para detecção de sequências gênicas codantes, promotores e terminadores comumente encontrados nos cultivares pesquisados.
Abstract : This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of DNA-based methods to detection of genetic modifications in soybean and maize cultivars. Furthermore, the transgenic events present in these cultivars approved for commercialization in Brazil have been identified and genetically characterized. The reach research objectives a database search in Web of Science and Pubmed was performed according to the PRISMA methodology (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes). Subject articles were included by researching the main transgenic detection methods in soybean and maize. Several articles were evaluated; however, the focus research was to explore transgenic screening techniques based on DNA detection by PCR. Among the commonly-found target sequence featured for genes that provide resistance to insects, herbicide tolerance genes or both, as well as supporting and terminator regions. In order to better understand the transgenic events approved for Brazilian commercialization, search at regulatory sites for information was made, including the National Biosafety Technical Commission, Biotechnology Information Center and the Genetic Right Foundation. It was possible understand and characterize the transgenic events present in maize and soybean cultivars approved for commercialization in Brazil, associating them with the detection research methods according PRISMA methodology. It was concluded that traditional PCR, multiplex or real-time PCR based on DNA presence are reliable methods to detect coding gene sequences, promoters and terminators commonly found in the studied cultivars.
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