Reflections on Critical Reading from a Freirean Approach to Basic Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28976/1984-2686rbpec2022u197223Keywords:
Critical reading, CRITIC, Freirean approach, Capital cultureAbstract
In this study we intend to discuss critical reading from a class activity using news articles on scientific topics, supported by the Freirean approach and the CRITIC acronym developed by Bartz (2002) and adapted by Oliveras et al. (2013). We designed a sequence of activities using a text from the internet that related to the students’ local community. The intervention was carried out with high school students enrolled in a Career and Technical Education program in food science and technology. The sequence was organized in four parts: before reading (images and title), during reading (the actual text), after reading (a debate) and rewriting the story (hands-on activity). A checklist was used for the analysis of the texts produced. Results show that, before and during the reading, students seemed to make connections between the text and the topics on food science. In the debate, students expressed social concern about manipulation of readers with little or no scientific knowledge — a link with their culture. In the hands-on activity, the students did not include personal experiences, aspects of their culture, nor local knowledge related to the scientific article that originated the news story. Based on these differences, we assume that a Freirean approach to activities for critical reading could contribute to close the gaps of cultural capital in order to develop a more critical subjectivity.
References
Bartz, W. R. (2002). Teaching skepticism via the CRITIC acronym and the skeptical inquirer. Skeptical Inquirer, 26(5), 42–44.
Charaudeau, P. (2010). O discurso propagandista: uma tipologia. In I. L. Machado, y R. de Mello (Orgs.), Análises do Discurso Hoje, volume 3 (pp. 57–78). Nova Fronteira/Lucerna.
Chiaro, S., y Aquino, K. A. S. (2017). Argumentação na sala de aula e seu potencial metacognitivo como caminho para um enfoque CTS no ensino de química: uma proposta analítica. Educação e Pesquisa, 43(2), 411–426.
Dunker, C. (2018). Subjetividade em tempos de pós-verdade. In C. Dunker, C. Tezza, J. Fuks, M. Tiburi, y V. Safatle (Orgs.), Ética e pós-verdade (pp. 11–41). Dublinense.
Freire, P. (1989). A importância do ato de ler: em três artigos que se completam (23ª ed.). Cortez.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogia da indignação: cartas pedagógicas e outros escritos. Unesp.
Freire, P. (2005). Pedagogia do Oprimido. Paz e Terra.
Freire, P. (2011). A importância do ato de ler em três artigos que se completam: volume 22. Cortez.
Freire, P. (2014). Pedagogia da autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa. Paz e Terra.
Freire, P., y Guimarães, S. (2011). Educar com a mídia — Novos diálogos sobre educação. Paz e Terra.
Freire, P., y Macedo, D. (2015). Alfabetização: Leitura do mundo, leitura da palavra (L. L. Oliveira, Trad.) (7ª ed.). Paz e Terra.
Gadotti, M., Freire, P., y Guimarães, S. (1986). Pedagogia: diálogo e conflito. Cortez.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) (2022). Números do Censo 2022. https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/sobre/numeros-do-censo.html
Kemp, S. (11 de janeiro, 2021). Digital 2021: Brazil. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-brazil?rq=Brazil
Marrega, A. B. O., Marrega, M. J., y Santana, M. S. R. (2018). Educação em tempo de pós-verdade: possíveis influências no trabalho educativo. Pedagogia em Foco, 13(10), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.29031/pedf.v13i10.365
Michaelis (n. d.). Michaelis — Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa. Recuperado em 25 mayo 2021, de https://michaelis.uol.com.br/busca?r=0&f=0&t=0&palavra=midia
Momesso, M. R., y Monteiro, S. A. S. (2019). Educação, diversidade num mundo de pós-verdade. DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia e Educação, 21(1), 170–181. https://periodicos.fclar.unesp.br/doxa/article/view/13200
Mcclune, B., y Jarman, R. (2011). From aspiration to action: A learning intentions model to promote critical engagement with science in the print-based media. Research in Science Education, 41(5), 691–710.
Navarro, F. D., y Revel Chion, A. (2013). Escribir para aprenderd: disciplinas y escritura en la escuela secundaria. Paidós.
Oliveras, B., Márquez, C., y Sanmartí, N. (2013). The use of newspaper articles as a tool to develop critical thinking in science classes. International Journal of Science Education, 35(6), 885–905.
Oliveras, B., Márquez, C., y Sanmartí, N. (2014). Students’ attitudes to information in the press: critical reading of a newspaper article with scientific content. Research in Science Education, 44(4), 603–626.
Oxford Languages (2016). Word of the year 2016. https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2016/
Paul, R., y Elder, L. (2005). A guide for educators to critical thinking competency standards. Foundation for Critical Thinking.
Pinheiro, R. B. (26–29 de outubro, 2015). Leitura crítica da mídia à luz de Paulo Freire: uma reação ao silenciamento de educandos e educadores na história da educação no Brasil. XII Congresso Nacional de Educação (EDUCERE), Curitiba, Paraná.
Revista Galileu (2013). Alimentos orgânicos não são mais nutritivos que os comuns. Globo. http://revistagalileu.globo.com/Revista/Common/0,,EMI318165-17785,00-ALIMENTOS+ORGANICOS+NAO+SAO+MAIS+NUTRITIVOS+QUE+OS+COMUNS.html
Sales, R., y Almeida, P. P. (2007). Avaliação de fontes de informação na internet: avaliando o site do NUPILL/UFSC. RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação, 5(1), 67–87. http://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/rdbci/article/download/2022/2143
Silva, M. G. L., Bargalló, C. M., y Prat, B. O. (2017). Análisis de las dificultades de futuros profesores de química al leer críticamente un artículo de prensa. Educação e Pesquisa, 43(2), 535–552.
Solé, I. (1998). Estratégias de Leitura (6ª ed.). Editora.
Smith-Spangler, C., Brandeau, M. L., Hunter, G. E., Bavinger, J. C., Pearson, M., Eschbach, P. J., Sundaram, V., Liu, H., Schirmer, P., Stave, C., Olkin, I., y Bravata, D. M. (2012). Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives? a systematic review. Annals of internal medicine, 157(5), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00007
We Are Social (2021). Digital 2021. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2021
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Dayana do Nascimento Ferreira, Andrea Revel Chion, Márcia Gorette Lima da Silva
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors are responsible for the veracity of the information provided and for the content of the papers.
The authors who publish in this journal fully agree with the following terms:
- The authors attest that the work is unpublished, that is, it has not been published in another journal, event notices or equivalent.
- The authors attest that they did not submit the paper to another journal simultaneously.
- The authors retain the copyright and grant to RPBEC the right of first publication, with the work licensed simultaneously under a Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The authors attest that they own the copyright or the written permission from copyright owners of figures, tables, large texts, etc. that are included in the paper.
- Authors are authorized to take additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (for example, to publish in institutional repository or as a book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after the publication in order to increase the impact and citation of published work.
In case of identification of plagiarism, inappropriate republishing and simultaneous submissions, the authors authorize the Editorial Board to make public what happened, informing the editors of the journals involved, any plagiarized authors and their institutions of origin.