Fazendo música juntos ou improvisação e seus outros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35699/2317-6377.2007.55070Palavras-chave:
improvisação, performance musical, comunidade, musicologia, tradição oral e auditivaResumo
Ingrid Monson, entre outros, defende que falta à música de “arte” ocidental a dimensão interativa e colaborativa do jazz. Esse artigo parte da interação no jazz e de abordagens deste tema por seus teóricos, em direção a um modelo mais geral de música enquanto atividade social. Sugiro uma ampla valorização da música – qualquer música – enquanto instrumento por meio do qual aprendemos a trabalhar com os outros, a negociar caminhos de ação compartilhados dentro de estruturas composicionais que são mais bem compreendidas como pontos de partida, ao invés de especificações de ação. Vislumbrar a música de “arte” ocidental nessa perspectiva e levar a sério a consideração sobre a dimensão social que Alfred Schutz há muito tempo enfatizou - em um artigo cujo título tomei emprestado - ajuda a dar uma nova roupagem à excessiva orientação pelo texto escrito que, questionavelmente, tem provido os musicólogos com uma visão deturpada da música.
Referências
BERLINER, Paul (1994). Thinking in Jazz: The Infinite Art of Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
BLUM, Stephen (1998). ‘Recognizing improvisation’. In Bruno Nettl with Melinda Russell (eds.), In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), p.22-45.
BUTTERFIELD, Matthew (2000). ‘Jazz analysis and the production of musical community: a situational perspective’. PhD dissn., University of Pennsylvania.
COCHRANE, Richard (2000). ‘Playing by the rules: a pragmatic characterization of musical performance’. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 58, p.135-141.
COOK, Nicholas (1990). Music, Imagination, and Culture (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
______. (1996). ‘The conductor and the theorist: Furtwängler, Schenker, and the first movement of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony’. In John Rink (ed.), The Practice of Performance: Studies in Musical Interpretation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.105-125
______. (1999). ‘At the borders of musical identity: Schenker, Corelli, and the Graces’. Music Analysis 18, p.179-233.
______. (2003a). ‘Performance writ large: desultory remarks on furnishing the abode of the retired scholar’. In Alison Latham (ed.), Sing, Ariel: Essays and Thoughts for Alexander Goehr’s 70th Birthday (Aldershot: Ashgate), p.193-209.
______. (2003b). ‘Writing on music or axes to grind’. Music Education Research 5, p.249-261.
______. (2004). ‘In Praise of Symbolic Poverty’. In Managing as Designing , ed. Fred Collopy and Richard Boland (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004), p.85-89.
FURTWÄNGLER, Wilhelm (1991). Furtwängler on Music, ed. and trans. Ronald Taylor. Aldershot, Hants: Scolar Press.
GIOIA, Ted (1988). The Imperfect Art: Reflections on Jazz and Modern Culture (New York: Oxford University Press).
GOULD, Carol and Keaton, Kenneth (2000). ‘The essential role of improvisation in musical performance’. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 58, p.143-148.
HARWOOD, Eve (1998). ‘Go on, girl! Improvisation in African-American girls’ singing games’. In Bruno Nettl with Melinda Russell (eds.), In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), p.113-125.
JOHNSON, Bruce (2002). ‘Jazz as cultural practice’. In Mervyn Cooke and David Horn (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Jazz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.96-113.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, Philip (1991). ‘Jazz improvisation: a theory at the computational level’. In Peter Howell, Robert West, and Ian Cross (eds.), Representing Musical Structure (London: Academic Press), p.291-325.
KERNFELD, Barry (1995). What to Listen for in Jazz (New Haven: Yale University Press).
LEHMANN, Adreas and Reinhard Kopiez (2002). ‘Revisiting composition and improvisation with a historical perspective’. In ‘Proceedings of “La créativité musicale”, 10th Anniversary Conference of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music, Liege (CD-ROM publication).
MACKENZIE, Ian (2000). ‘Improvisation, creativity, and formulaic language’. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 58, p.173-179.
MARTIN, Peter (2002). ‘Spontaneity and organization’. In Mervyn Cooke and David Horn (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Jazz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.133-152.
MONSON, Ingrid (1996). Saying Something: Jazz Improvisation and Interaction (Chicago: Chicago University Press).
______. (2002). ‘Jazz improvisation’. In Mervyn Cooke and David Horn (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Jazz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.114-132.
NETTL, Bruno (1998). ‘Introduction: an art neglected in scholarship’. In Bruno Nettl with Melinda Russell (eds.), In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), p.1-23.
NOOSHIN, Laudan (2003). ‘Improvisation as “Other”: creativity, knowledge and power—the case of Iranian classical music’. Journal of the Royal Musical Association 128, p.242-296.
OWENS, Thomas (2002). ‘Analysing jazz’. In Mervyn Cooke and David Horn (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Jazz (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.286-297.
POTTER, John (1998). Vocal Authority: Singing Style and Ideology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
PRESSING, Jeff (1988). ‘Improvisation: methods and models’. In John Sloboda (ed.), Generative Processes in Music: The Psychology of Performance, Improvisation, and Composition (Oxford: Clarendon Press), p.129-178.
______. (1998). ‘Psychological constraints on improvisational expertise and communication’. In Bruno Nettl with Melinda Russell (eds.), In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), p.47-67.
SARATH, Ed. (1996). ‘A new look at improvisation’, Journal of Music Theory 40, p.1-38.
SAWYER, R. Keith (2000). ‘Improvisation and the creative process: Dewey, Collingwood, and the aesthetics of spontaneity’. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 58, p.149-161.
SCHULLER, Gunther (1986). Musings: The Musical Worlds of Gunther Schuller (New York: Oxford University Press).
SCHUTZ, Alfred (1964). ‘Making music together: a study in social relationship’. In: Arvid Brodersen (ed.), Alfred Schutz: Collected papers II: Studies in Social Theory (The Hague, Nijhoff), p.159-178.
______. (1976). ‘Fragments on the phenomenology of music’ (ed. F. Kersten). In F. Joseph Smith (ed.), In Search of Musical Method (London: Gordon and Breach), p.5-71.
STERRITT, David (2000). ‘Revision, prevision, and the aura of improvisatory art’. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 58, p.163-172.
SUDNOW, David (1978). Ways of the Hand: The Organization of Improvised Conduct (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul) [revised edn. by David Sudnow & H. Dreyfus, Ways of the Hand: A Rewritten Account, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001].
SUTTON, R. Anderson (1998). ‘Do Javenese gamelan musicians really improvise?’ In Bruno Nettl with Melinda Russell (eds.), In the Course of Performance: Studies in the World of Musical Improvisation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), p.69-92.
TREITLER, Leo (1991). ‘Medieval improvisation’. World of Music 33/3, p.66-91.
WALSER, Robert (1999), ed. Keeping Time: Readings in Jazz History (New York: Oxford University Press)
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2007 Per Musi

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Exceto onde está indicado, o conteúdo neste site está sob uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.






