GRAMSCI AND INTELLECTUALS, FROM ORGANIC TO LORIANS: A FACET TO THINK ABOUT BOLSONARISM

Abstract

The article deals with the conceptualization of intellectual developed by Antonio Gramsci, in its different categories, covering the extension it acquires in the Sardinian author's thought, seeking to elucidate the place that intellectuals assume in the political and social struggle. This is a bibliographic research focused mainly on the production elaborated by Gramsci during the prison period. The set of Cadernos do cárcere, from the Italian critical edition, was examined, as well as some of the author's most important commentators and excerpts from Cartas do cárcere. The concept of intellectual acquires great breadth in Gramscian thought, due to the organizational expression and indispensability of this action in the delineation of the entire social fabric. From traditional intellectuals to organic, cosmopolitan, national-popular and even Lorianist and Brescianist litigation, as fundamental agents in the diffusion and consolidation of conceptions of the world and operative behaviors, they play an indispensable role in every political, economic and social organization. In this way, the compendium of the Gramscian intellectual conception proves to be a relevant resource also in the understanding of our time, of the current ordering of the Brazilian social political fabric, which made possible the rise of Bolsonaro to power and, despite all the crisis experienced, still sustains significant percentage of supporters, clarifying that its real overcoming will demand an intellectual and moral reform, ratifying the cultural struggle inherent to every political struggle.