Music therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorder

a neuroscience informed rationale for clinical practice

Authors

Keywords:

Music Therapy Clinical Rationale, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Neurosciences, Musical Interaction, Musical Communication

Abstract

In the last years, many studies in neurosciences aimed at understanding how the nervous system is structured, how it works in people with typical and atypical global development, and how music is processed as perceived stimulus and action in the word. The integration of this knowledge in music therapy clinical practice may provide new explanations about the path in which the therapeutic use of music improves health as well as assist the development of new clinical approaches for treatment, assessment and evaluation. This article presents a neuroscience rationale of a music therapy clinical practice with focus on nonverbal communication and social interaction for children and teenagers with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Author Biographies

  • Renato Tocantins Sampaio, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil)

    Renato Tocantins Sampaio is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Instruments and Singing of the School of Music - UFMG and a Researcher with CNPq's PQ Level 2 Scholarship. He has a degree in Music Therapy and Music (undergraduate) and is pursuing his PhD in the Graduate Program in Neuroscience at UFMG. Coordinator of the Music Therapy Clinic Extension Project at UFMG that provides music therapy services to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and other developmental disorders.

  • Cybelle Maria Veiga Loureiro, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil)

    Bacharel in Music and in Music Therapy - University of Iowa (1991); Master in Music Education-School of Music - UFMG (2005); Doctorate in Medicine - Faculdade de Medicina-UFMG (2009); Representative of Latin America at the World Music Therapy Federation-WFMT (2009-2014); Member of the Commission on Training and Clinics at WFMT (2014); Professor of Music Therapy at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (2009), Director of Bachelor of Music Therapy Program (2009); Collaborating Professor at Post graduation program (PPG) in Neurosciences - ICB-UFMG research line: neurosciences, music and arts (2011); Permanent Professor of the PPG in Music - EM-UFMG (2011) area of Sonology. Experience in Music, Music Therapy. Acting mainly in the following areas: neurological music therapy; special musical education; cerebral palsy; physical disability; West syndrome; multiple sclerosis; optic neuritis; neuromyelitis; neonatology; neurodevelopmental disorders; Parkinson; Alzheimer; and Semantic Dementia.

  • Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil)

    Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes is an Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology of FAFICH-UFMG and is a Productivity Fellow Level 2 - CNPQ. He has a degree in Psychology and a PhD in Education (UFMG). Coordinator of the Laboratory for the Investigation of Cognitive Architecture (LAICO) at UFMG. He is a professor in the Post-Graduation Programs in Psychology and Neurosciences at UFMG.

References

ABRAMS, B. (2007). “The Use of Improvisational Assessment Profiles (IAPs) and ReGrid in Microanalysis of Clinical Music Improvisation”. In: WOSCH, T.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Microanalysis in Music Therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley.

ADAMEK, M.; THAUT, M.; FURMAN, A.G. (2008). “Individuals with Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorders”. In: DAVIS, W.; GFELLER, K.; THAUT, M. An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and Practice. 3a ed. Silver Spring, EUA: American Music Therapy Association.

ALLEN, R.; DAVIS, R.: HILL, E. (2013). “The Effects of Autism and Alexithymia on Physiological and Verbal Responsiveness to Music”. JAutismDevDisord. v.43, p.432-444.

ALVIN, J. (1978). Music Therapy for the Autistic Child. London: Oxford University Press.

AMARAL, D. SCHUMANN, C.; NORDAHL, C. (2008). “Neuroanatomy of Autism”. Trends in Neurosciences. n.3, v.31, p.137-145.

AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATON (APA) (1995). Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais DSM-IV. CD-ROM. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.

_______________ (2014). Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais DSM-5. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

AMSO, D.; HAAS, S.; TENEBAUM, E.; MARKANT, J.; SHEINKOPF, S. (2014). “Bottom-up Attention Orienting in Young Children with Autism”. JAutismDevDisord. n.3, v.44, p.664-673.

ANDRADE, B.; PIMENTA, A. (sine data). Musicoterapia – um caminho. Belo Horizonte: Imagem.

ARAUJO, C. (2000). O Processo de Individuação no Autismo. São Paulo: Memnon.

ASSUMPÇÃO JR., F.; KUCZYNSKI, E., GABRIEL, M.; ROCCA, C. (1999). “Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos: Validade e Confiabilidade de uma escala para a detecção de condutas autísticas”. ArqNeuropsiquiatr. n.1, v.57, p.23-29.

BALL, C. M. (2004). Music Therapy for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. London: Bazian Ltd.

BARCELLOS, L. (2004). Musicoterapia: Alguns Escritos. Rio de Janeiro: Enelivros.

BARTELS, A.; ZEKI, S. (2004). “The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love”. NeuroImage. v.21, p.1155-1166.

BENENZON, R. (1985). Manual de Musicoterapia. Rio de Janeiro: Enelivros.

_______________ (1987). O Autismo, a Família, a Instituição e a Musicoterapia. Rio de Janeiro: Enelivros.

BERGER, D. (2002). Music Therapy, Sensory Integration and the Autistic Child. London: Jessica Kingsley.

BHAT, A.; LANDA, R.; GALLOWAY, J. (2011). “Current Perspectives on Motor Functioning in Infants, Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders”. Physical Therapy. n.7, v.91, p.1116-1129.

BHATARA, A.; QUINTIN, E.; HEATON, P; FOMBONNE, E; LEVITIN, D.J. (2009). “The effect of music on social attribution in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders”. Child Neuropsychology. v.15, p.375-396.

BOSA, C. (2001). “As relações entre Autismo, Comportamento Social e Função Executiva”. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica. n.2, v.14, p.281-287.

_______________ (2009). “Compreendendo a evolução da comunicação no bebê: implicações para a identificação precoce no autismo”. In: HAASE, V.; FERREIRA, F.;PENNA, F. Aspectos Biopsicossociais da Saúde na Infância e Adolescência. Belo Horizonte: Coopmed.

BOSA, C.; CALLIAS, M. (2000). “Autismo: breve revisão de diferentes abordagens”. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica. n.1, v.13, p.167-177.

BOXILL, E. (1985). Music Therapy for the Develomentally Disabled. Austin, EUA: Pro-Ed.

BRANDALISE, A. (1998). “Approach Brandalise de Musicoterapia – Carta de Canções”. Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia. n.4, p.41-55.

_______________ (2001). Musicoterapia Músico-Centrada. São Paulo: Apontamentos.

BRATTICO, E.; ALLURI, V.; BOGERT, B. JACIBSEN, T.; VARTIAINEN, N.; NIEMINEN, S. TERVANIEMI, M. (2011). “A functional MRI study of happy and sad emotions in Music with and without lyrics”. Frontiers in Psychology. v.2, article 308, p.1-16.

BROWN, S. (1994). “Autism and music therapy: is change possible and why music?”. British Journal of Music Therapy. n.1, v.8, p.15-20.

BROWNELL, M. (2002). “Musically adapted social stories to modify behaviors in students with autism: four case studies”. Journal of Music Therapy. n.2, v.XXXIX, p.117-144.

BRUSCIA, K. (2000). Definindo Musicoterapia. Rio de Janeiro: Enelivros.

BUDAY, E. (1995). “The effects of signed and spoken words taught with music on sign and speech imitation by children with autism”. Journal of Music Therapy. v.32, p.189-202.

CAMARGO, S.; BOSA, C. (2012). “Competência Social, Inclusão Escolar e Autismo: Um estudo de caso comparativo”. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa. n.3, v.28, p.315-324.

CAMPELO, L.; LUCENA, J.; LIMA, C.; ARAUJO, H.; VIANA, L.; VELOSO, M.; CORREIA, P.; MUNIZ, L. (2009). “Autismo: um estudo de habilidades comunicativas em crianças”. RevCEFAC. n.4, v.11, p.598-606.

CARIA, A. VENUTI, P. FALCO, S. (2011). “Functional and Dysfunctional Brain Circuits Underlying Emotional Processing of Music in Autism Spectrum Disorders”. Cerebral Cortex. v.21, p.2838-2849.

CARVALHEIRA, G.; VERGANIB, N.; BRUNONI, D. (2004). “Genetics of Autism”. RevBrasPsiquiatr. n.4, v.26, p.270-272.

COOK, J.; BARBALAT, G.; BLAKEMORE, SJ. (2012). “Top-down modulation of the perception of other people in schizophrenia and autism”. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. v.6, article 175, p.1-10.

COSENZA, R. (1998) Fundamentos de Neuroanatomia. 2. Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.

CRAVEIRO DE SÁ, L. (2003). A teia do tempo e o autista: música e musicoterapia. Goiânia: UFG.

DICHTER, G. (2012). “Functional magnetic resonance imaging of autism spectrum disorders”. DialoguesClinNeurosci. n.3, v.14, p.319-351.

DICHTER, G.; FELDER, J.; BODFISH, J. (2009).” Autism is characterized by dorsal anterior cingulated hyperactivation during social target detection”. SCAN. n.3, v.4, p.215-226.

EDGERTON, C. (1994). “The effect of improvisational music therapy on the communicative behaviors of autistic children”. Journal of Music Therapy. v.31, p.31-62.

ELEFANT, C. (2001). “Speechless yet communicative: revealing the person behind the disability of Rett Syndrome through clinical research on songs in music therapy”. In: ALDRIDGE, D.; Di FRANCO, G.; RUUD, E.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Music Therapy in Europe. Rome: ISMEZ.

_______________ (2005). “The Use of Single Case Designs in Testing Hypothesis”. In: ALDRIDGE, D. (Ed.) Case Study Designs in Music Therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley.

FERREIRA, P.; TEIXEIRA, E.; BRITTO, D. (2011). “Relato de Caso: Descrição da evolução da comunicação alternativa na pragmática do adulto portador de autismo”. RevCEFAC. n.3, v.13, p.559-567.

FILIPIC, S.; BIGAND, E. (2004). “The Time-course of emotion and cognition while listening to music”. In: LIPSCOMB, S.; ASHLEY, R.; GJERDINGEN, R.; WEBSTER, P. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Music Perception & Cognition. Adelaide (Australia): Casual Productions.

FLEURY, E.; PINHEIRO, L. (2013). Dois Casos Musicoterapêuticos: desafios e conquistas. Goiânia: Kelps.

FREIRE, M. (2014). Efeitos da Musicoterapia Improvisacional no tratamento de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Dissertação (Mestrado em Neurociências). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte.

FRITZ, T.; JENTSCHKE, S.; GOSSELI, N.; SAMMLER, D.; PERETZ, I.; TURNER, R.; FRIEDERICI, A.D.;, KOELSCH, S. (2009). “Universal recognition of three basic emotions in music”. CurrBiol. v.19, p.1-4.

GARCIA, H.; USTARROZ, J.; LOPEZ-GOÑI, J. (2012). “Valoración de la cognición social en esquizofrenia a través del test de la mirada. Implicaciones para la rehabilitación”. Avances en Psicologia Latinoamericana. n.1, v.30, p.40-52.

GATTINO, G.; RIESGO, R.; LONGO, D.; LEITE, J.; FACCINI, L. (2011). “Effects of relational music therapy on communication of children with autism: a randomized controlled study”. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy. n.2, v.20, p.142-154.

GIRODO, C.; NEVES, M.; CORREA, H. (2008). “Aspectos Neurobiológicos e Neuropsicológicos do Autismo”. In: FUENTES, D.; MALLOY-DINIZ, L.; CAMARGO, C.; COSENZA, R. (Eds) Neuropsicologia Teoria e Prática. Porto Alegre: Artmed.

GFELLER, K. (2008). “Music: a Human Phenomenon and Therapeutic Tool”. In: DAVIS, W.; GFELLER, K.; THAUT, M. An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and Practice. 3. Ed. Silver Spring: American Music Therapy Association.

GOLD, C.; WIGRAM, T.; ELEFANT, C. (2006). “Music therapy for autistic spectrum disorder”. CochraneDatabaseSystRev. v.2, article CD004381.

GOSSELIN, N.; PERETZ, I.; HASBOUN, D.; BAULAC, M.; SAMSON, S. (2011). “Impaired recognition of musical emotions and facial expressions following anteromedial temporal lobe excision”. Cortex. v.47, p.1116-1125.

GOSSELIN, N.; PERETZ, I.; JOHNSEN, E.; ADOLPHS, R. (2007). “Amygdala damage impairs emotion recognition from music”. Neuropsychologia. v.45, p.236-244.

GUPTA, A.; STATE, M.W. (2006). “Autismo: Genética”. RevBrasPsiquiatr. v.28 (Supl I), p.S29-38.

HILLECKE, T.; NICKEL, A.; BOLAY, H. (2005). “Scientific Perspectives on Music Therapy”. AnnNYAcadSci. v.1060, p.271-282.

HURON, D. (2006). Sweet anticipation: music and the psychology of expectation. Cambridge, EUA: MIT Press.

ILARI, B. (2006). “Desenvolvimento cognitivo-musical no primeiro ano de vida”. In. ILARI, B. Em busca da mente musical. Curitiba: UFPR.

KENET, T.; OREKHOVA, E.; BHARADWAJ, H.; SHETTY, N.; ISRAELI, E.; LEE, A.; AGAM, Y.; ELAM, M. JOSEPH, M. HAMALAINEN, M.; MANOACH, D. (2012). “Disconnectivity of the cortical ocular motor control network in autism spectrum disorders”. NeuroImage, v.61, p.1226-1234.

KENNEY, S. (2008). “Birth to six: music behaviors and how to nurture them”. General Music Today. n.1, v.22, p.32-34.

KERN, P.; ALDRIDGE, D. (2006). “Using embedded music therapy interventions to support outdoor play of young children with autism in an inclusive community-based child care program”. Journal of Music Therapy. n.4, v.XLIII, p.270-294.

KERN, P.; WOLERY, M.; ALDRIDGE, D. “Use of songs to promote independence in morning greeting routines for young children with autism”. JAutismDevDisor. v.37, p.1264-1271.

KIM, J.; WIGRAM, T.; GOLD, C. (2009). “Emotional, motivational and interpersonal responsiveness of children with autism in improvisational music therapy”. Autism. n.4, v.13, p.389-409.

KLIN, A. (2006). “Autismo e Síndrome de Asperger: uma visão geral”. RevBrasPsiquiatr. n.28 (Supl I), p.S3-S11.

KOELSCH, S. (2009). “A Neuroscientific Perspective on Music Therapy”. AnnNYAcadSci. v.1169, p.374-384.

_______________ (2011). “Toward a neural basis of music perception – a review and updated model”. Frontiers in Psychology. v.2, article 110, p.1-20.

_______________ (2014). “Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions”. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. v.15, p.170-180.

KOELSCH, S.; FRITZ, T.; CRAMON, D.; MULLER, K.; FRIEDERICI, A. (2006). “Investigating emotion with music: an fMRI study”. HumBrainMapp. v.27, p.239-250.

LAI, G.: PANTAZATOS, S.; SCHNEIDER, H.; HIRSCH, J. (2012). “Neural systems for speech and song in autism”. Brain. v.135, p.961-975.

LENT, R. (2010). Cem bilhões de neurônios? 2. Ed. São Paulo: Atheneu.

LIM, H.; DRAPER, E. (2011). “The effects of music therapy incorporated with Applied Behavior Analysis Verbal Behavior approach for children with autism spectrum disorders”. Journal of Music Therapy. n.4, v.48, p.532-550.

MALLOCH, S.; TREVARTHEN, C. (2009). “Musicality: Communicating the vitality and interests of life”. In: MALLOCH, S.; TREVARTHEN, C. (Eds.). Communicative musicality: Exploring the basis of human companionship. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

MARANTO, C. (ed.) (1993). Music Therapy: International Perspectives. Pipersville: Jeffrey Books.

MATSON, M.; MATSON, J.; BEIGHLEY, J. (2011). “Comorbidity of physical and motor problems in children with autism”. Research in Developmental Disabilities. v.32, p.2304-2308.

MATURANA, H. (1999). A Ontologia da Realidade. Belo Horizonte: UFMG.

MECCA, T.; BRAVO, R.; VELLOSO, R.; SCHWARTZMAN, J.; BRUNONI, D.; TEIXEIRA, M. (2011). “Rastreamento de sinais e sintomas de Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo em irmãos”. RevPsiquiatrRioGdSul. n.2, v.33, p.116-120.

McFERRAN, K.; SHOEMARK, H. (2013). “How musical engagement promotes well-being in education contexts: The case of a young man with profound and multiple disabilities”. IntJQualitativeStudHealthWell-Being. v.8, article 20570, p.1-14.

MERCADANTE, M.; POLIMENO, A. (2009). “Neuroquímica Cerebral”. In: MARCADANTE, M.; ROSÁRIO, M. Autismo e Cérebro Social. São Paulo: Farma.

MITTERSCHIFFTHALER, M.; FU, C.; DALTON, J.; ANDREW, C.; WILLIAMS, S. (2007). “A functional MRI study of happy and sad affective states evoked by classical music”. HumBrainMapp. v.28, p.1150-1162.

NEUHAUS, E.; BEAUCHAINE, T.; BERNIER, R. (2010). “Neurobiological correlates of social functioning in autism”. Clinical Psychology Review. v.30, p.733-748.

NORDOFF, P.; ROBBINS, C. (2007). Creative Music Therapy. 2. Ed. Revised. New Hampshire: Barcelona.

OLDFIELD, A. (2001). “Music therapy with young children with autism and their parents: developing communications through playful musical interactions specific to each child”. In: ALDRIDGE, D., DIFRANCO, G. RUUD, E.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Music Therapy in Europe. Roma: Ismez.

OMAR, R.; HENLEY, S.; BARTLETT, J.; HAILSTONE, J.; GORDON, E.; SAUTER, D.; FROST, C.; SCOTT, S.; WARREN, J. (2011). “The structural neuroanatomy of music emotion recognition: Evidence from frontotemporal lobar degeneration”. NeuroImage. v.56, p.1814-1821.

ORSATI, F.; SCHWARTZMAN, J.; BRUNONI, D.; MECCA, T.; MACEDO, E. (2008). “Novas possibilidades na avaliação neuropsicológica dos transtornos invasivos do desenvolvimento: Análise dos movimentos oculares”. AvalPsicol. n.3, v.7, p.281-290.

PAVLICEVIC, M. (1990). “Dynamic interplay in clinical improvisation”. Journal of British Music Therapy. v.4, p.5-9.

PASCUAL-LEONE, A. (2009). “The brain that makes music and is changed by it”. In: PERETZ, I.; ZATORRE, R. The cognitive neuroscience of music. Reprint. New York: Oxford.

PATEL, A. (2008a). “Music as a transformative technology of the mind”. In: John Templeton Foundation. Music: Its Evolution, Cognitive Basis, and Spiritual Dimensions. (Symposium). Cambridge University, September. Disponível em <http://www.nsi.edu/~ani/Patel_2008_Templeton_Essay.pdf>. Acesso em 07 out 2014.

_______________ (2008b). Music, language and the brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

PEREIRA, A.; RIESGO, R.; WAGNER, M. (2008). “Autismo infantil: tradução e validação da Childhood Autism Rating Scale para uso no Brasil”. JPediatr. Rio de Janeiro, n.6, v.84, p487-494.

PLAHL, C. (2007). “Microanalysis of Preverbal Communication in Music Therapy”. In: WOSCH, T.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Microanalysis in Music Therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley.

ROBARTS, J. (1996). “Music therapy for autistic children”. In: TREVARTHEN, C.; AITKEN, K.; PAPOUDI, D.; ROBARTS, J. (Eds.) Children with Autism: Diagnosis and Interventions to Meet Their Needs. London: Jessica Kingsley.

RODRIGUES, A. (2012). Efeito do treinamento musical em capacidades cognitivas visuais: atenção e memória. Tese (Doutorado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte.

SAMPAIO, A.; SAMPAIO, R. (2005). Apontamentos em Musicoterapia, volume 1. São Paulo: Apontamentos Editora.

SAMPAIO, R. (2002). Novas Perspectivas de Comunicação em Musicoterapia. Dissertação (Mestrado) Programa de Pós Graduação em Comunicação e Semiótica. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. São Paulo.

_______________ (2006). Um estudo preliminar sobre a construção da comunicação musical em Musicoterapia. XII Simpósio Brasileiro de Musicoterapia. Anais... Goiânia, Sociedade Goiana de Musicoterapia.

_______________ (2007). Considerações sobre a Linguagem na Prática Clínica Musicoterapêutica numa Abordagem Gestáltica. VII Encontro Nacional da Associação de Pesquisa e Pós Graduação em Música. Anais... São Paulo, Instituto de Artes – UNESP.

SAMSON, S.; EHRLE, N.; BAULAC, M. (2001). “Cerebral substrates for musical temporal processes”. AnnNYAcadSci. v.930, p.166-178.

SCHWARTZMAN, J. (2011). “Neurobiologia dos Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo”. In: SCHWARTZMAN, J.; ARAUJO, C. Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo. São Paulo: Memnon.

SUMMER, L. (2009). Client Perspectives on the Music in Guided Imagery and Music. Thesis (Doctor in Philosophy – Dept. of Communication and Psychology). Aalborg University, Denmark.

TAMANAHA, A.; PERISSINOTO, J.; CHIARI, B. (2008). “Uma breve revisão histórica sobre a construção dos conceitos do Autismo Infantil e da Síndrome de Asperger”. RevSocBrasFonoaudiol. n.3, v.13, p.296-299.

TREHUB, S. (2005). “Developmental and Applied Perspectives on Music”. AnnNYAcadSci. v. 1060, p. 198–201.

THAUT, M. (2008). Rhythm, Music and the Brain. New York: Routledge.

TOWGOOD, K.; MEUWESE, J.; GILBERT, S.; TURNER, M.; BURGESS, P. (2009). “Advantages of the multiple case series approach to the study of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder”. Neuropsychologia. n.13, v.47, p.2981-2988.

VELLOSO, R.; VINIC, A.; DUARTE, C.; DANTINO, M.; BRUNONI, D.; SCHWARTZMAN, J. (2011). “Protocolo de Avaliação Diagnóstica Multidisciplinar da Equipe de Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento vinculado à Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento da Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie”. Cadernos de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento. n.1, v.11, p.9-22.

WIGRAM, T. (2007). “Event-based Analysis of Improvisations Using Improvisational Assessment Profiles”. In: WOSCH, T.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Microanalysis in Music Therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley.

WHIPPLE, J. (2012). “Music Therapy as an effective treatment for young children with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis”. In: KERN, P.; HUMPAL, M. (Eds.) Early childhood music therapy and autism spectrum disorders. London: Jessica Kingsley.

WIGRAM, T.; GOLD, C. (2006). Music Therapy in the assessment and treatment of autistic spectrum disorder: clinical application and research evidence. Child: care, health and development. n.5, v.32, p.535-542.

WIGRAM, T.; PEDERSEN, I.; BONDE, L. (2002). A Comprehensive Guide to Music Therapy: theory, clinical practice, research and training. London: Jessica Kingsley.

WIMPORY, D.; CHADWICK, P.; NASH, S. (1995). “Musical interaction therapy for children with autism: An evaluative case study with two-year follow up”. JAutismDevDisor. n.5, v.25, p.541-552.

WONG, P.; CIOCCA, V.; CHAN, A.; HA, L.; TAN, L.; PERETZ, I. (2012). “Effects of Culture on Musical Pitch Perception”. PlosOne. n.4, v.7, article e33424, p.1-8.

WORLD FEDERATION OF MUSIC THERAPY (2011). What is Music Therapy?. Disponível em <http://www.wfmt.info/wfmt-new-home/about-wfmt/>. Acesso em 10 set 2014.

WORLEY, J.; MATSON, J. (2011). “Psychiatric symptoms in children diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: an examination of gender differences”. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders. v.5, p.1086-1091.

WOSCH, T. (2007). “Microanalysis of Processes of Interactions in Clinical Improvisation with IAP-Autonomy”. In: WOSCH, T.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Microanalysis in Music Therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley.

WOSCH, T.; WIGRAM, T. (2007). “Microanalysis in Music Therapy: Introduction and Theoretical Basis”. In: WOSCH, T.; WIGRAM, T. (Eds.) Microanalysis in Music Therapy. London: Jessica Kingsley.

Published

2015-11-10

Issue

Section

Articles in Portuguese/Spanish

How to Cite

“Music Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorder : A Neuroscience Informed Rationale for Clinical Practice”. 2015. Per Musi, no. 32 (November): 1-34. https://periodicos.ufmg.br/index.php/permusi/article/view/38415.

Similar Articles

1-10 of 148

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)